Acrylonitrile And Acetonitrile
Shandong Kaitai Petrochemical Co., Ltd. is located in Zibo, Shandong. It is a comprehensive enterprise integrating the production of acrylic acid, acrylate and white oil.
Rich experience
Kaitai Petrochemical has nearly 20 years of development history and profound corporate culture.
Quality control
As a national "three-system" certified enterprise, Shandong Kaitai strictly implements international quality standards to ensure that its products meet ISO9000 quality management system certification and ISO14000 environmental management system certification, and has been rated as a trustworthy enterprise and famous brand in Shandong Province for many years.
Production capacity
The company has multiple production bases in Zibo and Gaoqing County. Since 2018, Kaitai has put into production a subsidiary of 180,000 tons of high-end white oil project, and has developed into a diversified chemical group company.
R&D capabilities
It has more than 100 R&D personnel and has established the Shandong Acrylate Engineering Technology Research Center to continuously optimize the technology and develop new products for acrylic acid and acrylate products.
What is Acrylonitrile And Acetonitrile
Acrylonitrile is an organic compound, which is a colorless, volatile liquid. It has a pungent smell of garlic or onion. Its molecular structure consists of a vinyl group (−CH=CH2) and a nitrile (−C≡N). It is an important monomer for making useful plastics such as polyacrylonitrile. It is reactive and toxic in low doses.
Acetonitrile, often abbreviated as MeCN (methyl cyanide), is a chemical compound. This colorless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile (hydrocyanic acid is a simpler nitrile, but the cyanide anion is not organic). It is mainly produced as a byproduct of acrylonitrile manufacturing. It is used as a polar aprotic solvent in organic synthesis and butadiene purification.
Advantages of Acrylonitrile And Acetonitrile
Acrylonitrile
1.Physical Properties
Acrylonitrile (CH2=CH-CN) is a volatile, colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet and characteristic odor. It is slightly soluble in water and miscible with most organic solvents (American Cyanamid, 1959). Its vapor is explosive and produces cyanide gas.
2.Good chemical properties
Acrylonitrile contains olefin groups (CH₂=CH-) and cyano groups (-CN) in its molecular structure. The double bond of the olefin group is highly reactive, allowing acrylonitrile to polymerize with other chemicals. The cyano group (-CN) has a strong electron-attracting effect, which enhances the chemical stability of acrylonitrile. Therefore, it exhibits good chemical corrosion resistance when synthesizing polymers and can be used in automotive parts, piping systems, and chemical storage tanks.
3.High mechanical strength and toughness
Acrylonitrile-based polymers are often copolymerized with other materials (such as butadiene, styrene, etc.) during the polymerization process, and this copolymerization reaction can enhance the toughness of the material. Copolymers have better impact absorption than single polymers and can delay or prevent material rupture when subjected to external force impact.
4.Thermal stability
Acrylonitrile forms long-chain polymers through polymerization, and these polymer chains can be cross-linked (for example, by copolymerization, radiation cross-linking, etc.) to enhance thermal stability. The cross-linked structure improves the thermal tolerance of the polymer because the cross-linked chain structure is more difficult to break or depolymerize at high temperatures and can resist physical deformation caused by heat.
Acetonitrile
1. High solubility
It has a suitable liquid temperature range and a high dielectric constant of 38.8. The dipole moment of acetonitrile is 3.92D, which can dissolve a variety of ions and non-polar compounds and can be used as a mobile phase in HPLC and LC-MS.
2. Acidity and alkalinity
Acetonitrile is a weak base and a weak acid in aqueous solution. Depending on the nature of the interacting molecules and the pH value of the solution, it can act as a proton donor (acid) or an acceptor (base). This amphoteric behavior makes acetonitrile useful for acid-catalyzed and base-catalyzed reactions.
3. Reactivity
Acetonitrile is relatively stable under normal conditions, but can undergo a variety of chemical reactions under appropriate conditions, including nucleophilic addition reactions, electrophilic substitution reactions, and other transformation reactions involving carbon-nitrogen triple bonds (nitrile groups).
4. Low toxicity and flammability
Acetonitrile is generally metabolized slowly in the human body and can be converted into less toxic compounds such as hydrocyanic acid (HCN) in the body. The metabolism of acetonitrile mainly depends on enzymes in the liver, which is metabolized slowly and is not easy to accumulate in the body, so its acute toxicity is low. Acetonitrile has a low flash point of about -4°C, and can release flammable gas at a relatively low temperature, so it can easily mix with oxygen in the air to form a flammable mixed gas.
Acrylonitrile And Acetonitrile production process
Production Process
Acrylonitrile is made by mixing propylene, ammonia, and air together in a process called ammoxidation. Useful byproducts or co-products produced by the ammoxidation reaction include acetonitrile (CH3CN).
Production Process
In the SOHIO process, propylene, ammonia, and air (oxidant) are passed through a fluidized bed reactor containing a catalyst at 400-510 °C and 50-200 kPag. The reactants pass through the reactor only once and are then quenched in aqueous sulfuric acid. Undissolved excess propylene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen are vented directly to the atmosphere or incinerated. The aqueous solution consists of acrylonitrile, acetonitrile, hydrocyanic acid and ammonium sulfate (from excess ammonia). A recovery column removes the bulk of the water and acrylonitrile and acetonitrile are separated by distillation.
Acrylonitrile
Apparel and Textiles
Acrylonitrile is used in the manufacture of acrylic and modacrylic fibres for use in clothing and textiles, such as fleece jumpers, sportswear, carpets and upholstery. Acrylic fibres are also used as a precursor in the production of carbon fibre.
Plastics and Resins
It is used in the production of plastics and resins such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and nitrile rubber for fuel hoses and O-ring seals.
Chemical Intermediates
Acrylonitrile is also used as a chemical intermediate in the production of other chemicals, such as acrylamide and adiponitrile.
Acetonitrile
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Acetonitrile is a commonly used solvent in pharmaceutical processes such as drug formulation, crystallization, purification, etc. It helps dissolve, separate and isolate active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and excipients in drug formulations to ensure product quality, consistency and stability.
Laboratory Applications
Acetonitrile is widely used as a solvent in analytical chemistry laboratories for sample preparation, extraction and chromatography. It is used in techniques such as HPLC, GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), UV-VIS spectroscopy and liquid-liquid extraction for quantitative and qualitative analysis of organic and inorganic compounds.
Paints and Coatings
Acetonitrile can be used as a solvent in paint, coating and surface treatment formulations in automotive, architectural and industrial applications. It helps dissolve and disperse resins, pigments and additives, and improves the flow, leveling and adhesion of coatings and topcoats.
Other Applications
Acetonitrile is used in the manufacture of perfumes, rubber products, pesticides, acrylic nail removers and batteries. It is also used to extract fatty acids from animal and vegetable oils.
Precautions for use
Acrylonitrile
1. Accidental Contact with Acrylonitrile. Immediately flush acrylonitrile spills from the skin with large amounts of water.
2. Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Wear appropriate personal protective clothing or PPE, including respirators, protective clothing, and protective masks and goggles.
3. If clothing is contaminated or suspected of being contaminated, it should be removed immediately and washed before reuse. Wear impermeable gloves when removing clothing to prevent further contact with the skin. Wash gloves thoroughly under running water before removing.
4. Do not use dry sweeping or compressed air cleaning to clean acrylonitrile surfaces.
5. Acrylonitrile should be stored at temperatures below its flash point (-17°C or 1°F) and auto-ignition temperature (525°C or 977°F) to prevent fire and explosion. The storage area should be kept cool and away from heat sources such as direct sunlight, open flames, hot surfaces or electrical equipment that could ignite the material.
6. Acrylonitrile should be stored away from incompatible substances such as acids, bases, oxidants and strong reducing agents, which may react with acrylonitrile and cause dangerous reactions or decomposition.
Acetonitrile
1.Determine required PPE. If a respirator is required, contact EH&S before use. Use rubber or neoprene gloves for best protection; if not required, wear two layers of latex or nitrile gloves. Wear a lab coat, chemical splash goggles, and closed-toe shoes. Change gloves immediately upon contact, If splashing occurs, flush eyes for 15 minutes with an emergency eyewash.
2.Never work with acetonitrile in an open room. Label containers with the chemical name and hazard warning labels. Keep away from ignition sources.
3.Acetonitrile should be stored away from sunlight. Because it is a Class IB Flammable Liquid, acetonitrile should be stored in an environment below 73 degrees.
Acrylonitrile is typically shipped in 26,000 gallon DOT-111 insulated or non-insulated tank trucks. Acetonitrile is typically shipped in 10,000 gallon DOT-103 insulated or non-insulated tank trucks.
Acrylonitrile is typically packaged in steel drums, aluminum drums, or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) drums. Acetonitrile is typically packaged in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) drums, steel drums, or aluminum drums.
The United Nations Committee of Transport Experts classifies acrylonitrile and acetonitrile as flammable liquids (Class 3) and toxic substances. Labels must state: May cause cancer; Highly flammable - keep away from sources of ignition; No smoking; Toxic if inhaled.